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Currently, 3D printing, and in particular fused deposition modeling (FDM), employ constant extrusion temperature and head velocity.  It is important to note that the level of control currently available in FDM is similar to that in other 3D printing techniques, such as laser sintering, and thus the concept of closed loop control detailed here is applicable to other methods.  Because the processing parameters remain constant, there is limited control of the interfacial healing.  In order to control part quality of 3D printed parts, we suggest to vary the temperature of the extruder filament by using a secondary heat source. In more detail, while the temperature of the die is set to a relatively low point, an infrared heating source is used to heat the filament to the optimum temperature to enhance welding of the filament to substrate.

• Varies the temperature of an extruder filament of a 3D printing system to control part quality

• Automatically heats the filament to a temperature based upon the substrate temperature

• Substrate temperature is determined by model and/or thermal imaging device

• Provides an additional heating element to preheat the substrate to an ideal welding temperature

• Improves part quality and consistency in terms of strength and dimensions

3D printing technologies, including fused deposition modeling and laser sintering